jweinst1
3/10/2017 - 1:09 AM

backup for sandbox

backup for sandbox

# research about the background of the Yemen Civil War, especially the political factors of different stakeholders, countries involved and sectors of Islam. 
# Find reliable sources related to environmental injustices for the refugees in Yemen, water shortage, farmland deprivation.
# Relate political war into environmental injustices
# Find out how global warming is connected to refugee crisis
# Relate the refugee crisis in Yemen to the Trump administration, Yemen is one of the 7 countries for limited entry.

Sources:

https://www.defense.gov/News/Article/Article/802575/centcom-officials-announce-counterterrorism-strikes-in-yemen

US and Terrorism in Yemen

https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/world_report_download/wr2017-web.pdf

World Human Rights Report

https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2015/11/30/heres-how-much-the-united-states-spends-on-refugees/?utm_term=.b64009b51f82

US and Refugees

http://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-cornered-idUSKCN0WB0IL

Yemen War and Refugee

http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2014/11/24/future-impact-of-climate-change-visible-now-in-yemen

WorldBank Climate change in Yemen

Climate Change Impacts

Global climate change is  caused by human inflicted emission of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas, increasing the average temperature of the planet. The average temperature in earth is already increased by 0.83°C in the last century<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.epa.gov/climatechange/climate-change-basic-information|title=Climate Change: Basic Information|last=EPA,OAR,OAP,CCD|first=US|website=www.epa.gov|language=en|access-date=2017-03-09}}</ref> and since 1975 the temperature is increasing roughly 0.15-0.20°C per decade.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/WorldOfChange/decadaltemp.php|title=World of Change: Global Temperatures : Feature Articles|last=Michael|first=Carlowicz,|date=2010-12-09|website=earthobservatory.nasa.gov|language=en|access-date=2017-03-09}}</ref> Yemen is one of the victim under the global climate change. According to IPCC the increased temperature due to global warming are more likely to cause decreased precipitation in Yemen. <ref>{{Cite book|title=5th Assessment Report: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability|last=Hijioka et al.|first=|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=|isbn=|location=Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA|pages=1327-1370}}</ref> The Yemeni land is already considered acrid before the climate change, the decrease of precipitation will make land even dryer. World Bank concluded although the increase global temperature might help get Yemen a little bit more rain in the future, the increasing heat wave and rising sea level will flood the low lying areas.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2014/11/24/future-impact-of-climate-change-visible-now-in-yemen|title=Future Impact of Climate Change Visible Now in Yemen|work=World Bank|access-date=2017-03-10|language=en}}</ref> In addition, the increasing salt water intrusion into ground level aquifiers contaminate the soil and water supply.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2014/11/24/future-impact-of-climate-change-visible-now-in-yemen|title=Future Impact of Climate Change Visible Now in Yemen|work=World Bank|access-date=2017-03-10|language=en}}</ref> The climate change has a significant impact on resource availability especially water situation in Yemen. 

Desertification 

According to the data of the Yemen's Agriculture and Irrigation Ministry's Forestation and Desertification Control Department (FDCD), 97% of Yemeni lands suffer desertification and estimated at 3.83 million hectors. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://desertification.wordpress.com/2008/06/20/yemen-97-of-lands-suffer-desertification-google-yemen-times/|title=Yemen : 97% of lands suffer desertification (Google / Yemen Times)|last=Ismail|first=Al-Ghabri|date=2008-06-20|website=DESERTIFICATION|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2017-03-09}}</ref> The natural causes of desertification include climate, geology, and topography. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.unccd.int/ActionProgrammes/yemen-eng2000.pdf|title=NATIONAL ACTION PLAN TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION|last=YEMEN MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND IRRIGATION|first=|date=2000|website=UNCCD|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2017-03-08}}</ref> Since Yemen has acrid climate, erosion is higher in the places with less rainfall. Its soil in large proportion are from sedimentary rocks which is very vulnerable to erosion. The topography in Yemen are consisted of plateau and plains, so the wind is able to move dunes into cultivated lands. Misuse of natural resources is the major human causes of desertification, including land use over the carrying capacity, over exploitation of forests, and over grazing on rangeland. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.unccd.int/ActionProgrammes/yemen-eng2000.pdf|title=NATIONAL ACTION PLAN TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION|last=YEMEN MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND IRRIGATION|first=|date=2000|website=UNCCD|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2017-03-08}}</ref> 

Soil Erosion