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// MP4 video
VideoWriter output_video = VideoWriter("output.mp4", VideoWriter_fourcc(*'MP4V'), 30.0, (640,480));

// AVI video
VideoWriter output_video = VideoWriter("output.avi", CV_FOURCC('M','J','P','G'), 30, (640,480));

– / avi / 112512 kB / I420 / WMP, VLC, Films&TV, MovieMaker
MJPG / avi / 14115 kB / MJPG / VLC
MJPG / mp4 / 5111 kB / 6C / VLC
CVID / avi / 7459 kB / cvid / WMP, VLC, MovieMaker
MSVC / avi / 83082 kB / CRAM / WMP, VLC
X264 / avi / 187 kB / H264 / WMP, VLC, Films&TV, MovieMaker
XVID / avi / 601 kB / XVID / WMP, VLC, MovieMaker
XVID / mp4 / 587 kB / 20 / WMP, VLC, Films&TV, MovieMaker

I made tests with more codecs (see: fourcc.org), so I have now
for extension in (‘avi’, ‘wmv’, ‘mpg’, ‘mov’, ‘mp4’, ‘mkv’, ‘3gp’, ‘webm’, ‘ogv’,):
for codec in (‘3IVD’, ‘CJPG’, ‘DIV3’, ‘DIV4’, ‘DIVX’, ‘DX50’, ‘FFV1’, ‘H264’, ‘HFYU’, ‘IJLV’, ‘IYUV’, ‘MJPG’, ‘mp4v’, ‘MP42’, ‘MPEG’, ‘PIM1’, ‘THEO’, ‘V264’, ‘VP80’, ‘WMV1’, ‘WMV2’, ‘WMV3’, ‘X264’, ‘XVID’,):

and I received following in players well running videos from opencv 3 compiled from sources:
X264.3gp/C V264.3gp/C H264.3gp/C
X264.mov/CF V264.mov/CF H264.mov/CF
X264.mp4/CF V264.mp4/CF H264.mp4/CF
X264.mkv/C V264.mkv/C H264.mkv/C
X264.mpg V264.mpg H264.mpg
X264.wmv V264.wmv H264.wmv
THEO.ogv/CF!!
VP80.ogv/C VP80.mov/C VP80.webm/C(from v3)F VP80.mkv/C VP80.wmv/C
FFV1.mov FFV1.mkv
X264.avi/C V264.avi/C H264.avi/C
VP80.3gp/C FFV1.wmv VP80.avi/C FFV1.avi
3IVD.mov DIV4.mov DIV3.mov WMV1.mov 3IVD.3gp WMV1.3gp WMV2.mkv
3IVD.mkv DIV4.mkv DIV3.mkv WMV1.mkv WMV1.wmv WMV2.wmv 3IVD.wmv
DIV4.wmv DIV3.wmv WMV2.avi 3IVD.avi DIV4.avi DIV3.avi WMV1.avi
MP42.mov MP42.3gp MP42.mkv
XVID.3gp/C mp4v.3gp/C DX50.3gp/C DIVX.3gp/C XVID.mov/C DIVX.mov/C
mp4v.mov/C DX50.mov/C XVID.mp4/C mp4v.mp4/C DX50.mp4/C DIVX.mp4/C
MP42.wmv
XVID.mkv/C mp4v.mkv/C DX50.mkv/C DIVX.mkv/C XVID.wmv/C mp4v.wmv/C
DX50.wmv/C DIVX.wmv/C
MP42.avi
XVID.avi/C mp4v.avi/C DX50.avi/C DIVX.avi/C
PIM1.mp4 PIM1.mkv PIM1.mpg PIM1.3gp MPEG.3gp PIM1.wmv MPEG.mp4
MPEG.mkv MPEG.mpg PIM1.avi MPEG.wmv MPEG.avi MJPG.mov IJLV.mov
CJPG.mov MJPG.mp4 IJLV.mp4 CJPG.mp4 MJPG.mkv IJLV.mkv CJPG.mkv
MJPG.wmv MJPG.avi MJPG.3gp CJPG.3gp HFYU.mkv HFYU.avi HFYU.wmv
IYUV.avi IYUV.wmv

Especially interesting is THEO.ogv/CF (created by both opencv 2 (ie. python-opencv) and/or 3) which works in players and both Chrome+Firefox !