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1. Mount the CD-ROM (Click on Add VMWare Tools first, that will add a CDROM to /dev/cdromX)

sudo mkdir /mnt/cdrom
sudo mount /dev/cdrom1 /mnt/cdrom

or 

sudo mount /dev/cdrw1 /mnt/cdrom

2. Copy VMWare Tools

cp /mnt/cdrom/VMwareTools-8.8.3-682996.tar.gz ~/.
tar xzvf VMwareTools-8.8.3-682996.tar.gz

3. Update Linux

sudo apt-get install build-essential
sudo apt-get install build-essential linux-headers-`uname -r`

4. Run VMWare Tools

sudo ./vmware-install.pl

5. Restart

sudo reboot

6. Verify

ls /mnt/hgfs/