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// Load by name  
$_category = Mage::getModel('catalog/category')->loadByAttribute('name', 'Ruby Ring');  
$_product = Mage::getModel('catalog/product')->loadByAttribute('name', 'emerald earring');  

// Load by SKU  
$_product = Mage::getModel('catalog/product')->loadByAttribute('sku', 'Eram18j4');  
   
//Load by ID (just load):  
$_product = Mage::getModel('catalog/product')->load($productID);