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#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <bitset>
#include <math.h>
#include <climits>

using namespace std;

/*
static string ToBinaryString(float value) {
 
    int bitCount = sizeof(float) * 8; // never rely on your knowledge of the size
    char[] result = new char[bitCount]; // better not use string, to avoid ineffective string concatenation repeated in a loop
 
    // now, most important thing: (int)value would be "semantic" cast of the same
    // mathematical value (with possible rounding), something we don't want; so:
    int intValue = System.BitConverter.ToInt32(BitConverter.GetBytes(value), 0);
 
    for (int bit = 0; bit < bitCount; ++bit) {
        int maskedValue = intValue & (1 << bit); // this is how shift and mask is done.
        if (maskedValue > 0)
            maskedValue = 1;
        // at this point, masked value is either int 0 or 1
        result[bitCount - bit - 1] = maskedValue.ToString()[0]; // bits go right-to-left in usual Western Arabic-based notation
    }
 
    return new string(result); // string from character array
}
*/

void print(int* arr, int n) {
  
  for (int i =0;i<n;i++) {
    cout << arr[i] << " ";
  }
  
  cout << endl;
  
}


void permuate(int* arr, int size, int n) {    
  if (size == 1) {
      print(arr, n);
  } else {
    for( int i = 0; i< size; i++) {
      permuate(arr, size - 1, n);
      
      cout << "i = " << i << " n = " << size << endl;
       if (size%2==1)
            swap(arr[0], arr[size-1]);
        else
            swap(arr[i], arr[size-1]);   
    }
  }
}


void permute(int a[], int i, int n)
{
   int j;
   cout << "permute " << i << endl;
   if (i == n)
     print(a, n);
   else
   {
       for (j = i; j < n; j++)
       {
          swap(a[i], a[j]);
          cout << "swap i = " << i << " j = " << j << endl;
          permute(a, i+1, n);
          swap(a[i], a[j]);
         
       }
     
          cout << "exit " << i << endl;
   }
} 


// Convert the 32-bit binary encoding into hexadecimal
int Binary2Hex( std::string Binary )
{
    std::bitset<32> set(Binary);      
    int hex = set.to_ulong();
     
    return hex;
}


string GetBinaryFloat(float flo) {
  int integral = flo;
  
  float fraction = flo - integral;
  
  int shift = 0;
  uint32_t mantissa = 0;
  while(integral > 0) {
    if (integral % 2 != 0) {
        mantissa |= 1 << shift;
    }
    
    integral >>= 1;
    shift++;
  }

  uint32_t exponent = 127 + shift -1;
  
  cout << exponent << endl;
  
  cout << mantissa << endl;
  cout << bitset<32>(mantissa).to_string() << endl;
  mantissa = mantissa & ~(1 << (shift - 1));
  cout << mantissa << endl;
  cout << bitset<32>(mantissa).to_string() << endl;
  
  while (fraction > 0) {
    fraction *= 2;
    if ((int)fraction > 0) {
      fraction -=1;
      mantissa = (mantissa << 1) ^1 ;
    } else {
      mantissa = (mantissa << 1);
    }
    
    shift++;
  }
  
  mantissa = mantissa << (32 - (shift -1)  - 9);  
  
  uint32_t ieee745 = (exponent << 23 ) | mantissa;
  
  cout << bitset<32>(ieee745).to_string() << endl;
  
  float cross = *(float*)&ieee745;
  
  
  cout << "shift " << mantissa << endl;
  cout << "cross " << cross << endl;
  
  
  return to_string(shift);
  
}

// Convert the 32-bit binary into the decimal
float GetFloat32( std::string Binary )
{
    int HexNumber = Binary2Hex( Binary );
 
    bool negative  = (HexNumber >> 31) != 0;
    int  exponent  =  (HexNumber >> 23) & 0xFF;    
    int sign = negative ? -1 : 1;
 
    // Subtract 127 from the exponent
    exponent -= 127;
 
    // Convert the mantissa into decimal using the
    // last 23 bits
    int power = -1;
    float total = 0.0;
    for ( int i = 9; i < 32; i++ )
    {
        int c = Binary[ i ] - '0';
        total += (float) c * (float) pow( 2.0, power );
        power--;
    }
    total += 1.0;
 
    float value = sign * (float) pow( 2.0, exponent ) * total;
 
    return value;
}

// Get 32-bit IEEE 754 format of the decimal value
std::string GetBinary32( float value )
{
    union
    {
         float input;   // assumes sizeof(float) == sizeof(int)
         int   output;
    }    data;
 
    data.input = value;
 
    std::bitset<sizeof(float) * CHAR_BIT>   bits(data.output);
 
    std::string mystring = bits.to_string();
 
    return mystring;
}
 

// To execute C++, please define "int main()"
int main() {
  
  ///int arr[] = { 1, 2, 3};
  //permute(arr, 0, 3);
  
  
  // Convert 19.5 into IEEE 754 binary format..
    string str = GetBinary32( (float) 210.15 );
    cout << "Binary equivalent of 210:" << std::endl;
    cout << str << std::endl << std::endl;
 
    // .. and back again
    float f = GetFloat32( str );
    cout << "Decimal equivalent of " << str << ":" << std::endl;
    cout << f << std::endl;

    //int power = -1;
    //cout << pow( 1.0, power ) << endl;
  
     cout << GetBinaryFloat(210.125) << endl;
  
    return 0;
}