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##PHP Array Functions

array_diff (arr1, arr2 ...)

array_filter (arr, function)

array_flip (arr)

array_intersect (arr1, arr2 ...)

array_merge (arr1, arr2 ...)

array_pop (arr)

array_push (arr, var1, var2 ...)

array_reverse (arr)

array_search (needle, arr)

array_walk (arr, function)

count (count)

in_array (needle, haystack)

##PHP String Functions

crypt (str, salt)

explode (sep, str)

implode (glue, arr)

nl2br (str)

sprintf (frmt, args)

strip_tags (str, allowed_tags)

str_replace (search, replace, str)

strpos (str, needle)

strrev (str)

strstr (str, needle)

strtolower (str)

strtoupper (str)

substr (string, start, len)

##PHP Filesystem Functions

clearstatcache ()

copy (source, dest)

fclose (handle)

fgets (handle, len)

file (file)

filemtime (file)

filesize (file)

file_exists (file)

fopen (file, mode)

fread (handle, len)

fwrite (handle, str)

readfile (file)

##PHP Date and Time Functions

checkdate (month, day, year)

date (format, timestamp)

getdate (timestamp)

mktime (hr, min, sec, month, day, yr)

strftime (formatstring, timestamp)

strtotime (str)

time ()

##PHP Regular Expres­sions Functions

ereg (pattern, str)

split (pattern, str)

ereg_replace (pattern, replace, str)

preg_grep (pattern, arr)

preg_match (pattern, str)

preg_match_all (pattern, str, arr)

preg_replace (pattern, replace, str)

preg_split (pattern, str)

##Regular Expres­sions Syntax

characters	description
^	Start of string
$	End of string
.	Any single character
(a\	b)	a or b
(...)	Group section
[abc]	In range (a, b or c)
[^abc]	Not in range
\s	White space
a?	Zero or one of a
a*	Zero or more of a
a*?	Zero or more, ungreedy
a+	One or more of a
a+?	One or more, ungreedy
a{3}	Exactly 3 of a
a{3,}	3 or more of a
a{,6}	Up to 6 of a
a{3,6}	3 to 6 of a
a{3,6}?	3 to 6 of a, ungreedy
\	Escape character
[:punct:]	Any punctu­ation symbol
[:space:]	Any space character
[:blank:]	Space or tab

##Pattern Modifiers

character	description
g	Global match
i *	Case-i­nse­nsitive
m *	Multiple lines
s *	Treat string as single line
x *	Allow comments and whitespace in pattern
e *	Evaluate replac­ement
U *	Ungreedy pattern

* PCRE modifier

##PHP fopen() Modes

character	description
r	Read
r+	Read and write, prepend
w	Write, truncate
w+	Read and write, truncate
a	Write, append
a+	Read and write, append

##PHP Date Formatting

character	description
Y	4 digit year (2008)
y	2 digit year (08)
F	Long month (January)
M	Short month (Jan)
m	Month ⁴ (01 to 12)
n	Month (1 to 12)
D	Short day name (Mon)
l	Long day name (Monday) (lowercase L)
d	Day ⁴ (01 to 31)
j	Day (1 to 31)
h	12 Hour ⁴ (01 to 12)
g	12 Hour (1 to 12)
H	24 Hour ⁴ (00 to 23)
G	24 Hour (0 to 23)
i	Minutes ⁴ (00 to 59)
s	Seconds ⁴ (00 to 59)
w	Day of week ¹ (0 to 6)
z	Day of year (0 to 365)
W	Week of year ² (1 to 53)
t	Days in month (28 to 31)
a	am or pm
A	AM or PM
B	Swatch Internet Time (000 to 999)
S	Ordinal Suffix (st, nd, rd, th)
T	Timezone of machine (GMT)
Z	Timezone offset (seconds)
O	GMT offset (hours) (+0200)
I	Daylight saving (1 or 0)
L	Leap year (1 or 0)
U	Seconds since Epoch ³
c	ISO 8601 (PHP 5) (2008-­07-­31T­18:­30:­13+­01:00)
r	RFC 2822 (Thu, 31 Jul 2008 18:30:13 +0100)

• ¹ 0 is Sunday, 6 is Saturday.
• ² Week that overlaps two years belongs to year that contains most days of that week. Hence week number for 1st January of a given year can be 53 if week belongs to previous year. date("W­", mktime(0, 0, 0, 12, 8, $year)) always gives correct number of weeks in $year.
• ³ The Epoch is the 1st January 1970.
• ⁴ With leading zeroes

##Comparisons of $x with PHP functions

Expression	gettype()	empty()	is_null()	isset()	boolean : if($x)
$x = "";	string	TRUE	FALSE	TRUE	FALSE
$x = null;	NULL	TRUE	TRUE	FALSE	FALSE
var $x;	NULL	TRUE	TRUE	FALSE	FALSE
$x is undefined	NULL	TRUE	TRUE	FALSE	FALSE
$x = array();	array	TRUE	FALSE	TRUE	FALSE
$x = array('a', 'b');	array	FALSE	FALSE	TRUE	TRUE
$x = false;	boolean	TRUE	FALSE	TRUE	FALSE
$x = true;	boolean	FALSE	FALSE	TRUE	TRUE
$x = 1;	integer	FALSE	FALSE	TRUE	TRUE
$x = 42;	integer	FALSE	FALSE	TRUE	TRUE
$x = 0;	integer	TRUE	FALSE	TRUE	FALSE
$x = -1;	integer	FALSE	FALSE	TRUE	TRUE
$x = "1";	string	FALSE	FALSE	TRUE	TRUE
$x = "0";	string	TRUE	FALSE	TRUE	FALSE
$x = "-1";	string	FALSE	FALSE	TRUE	TRUE
$x = "php";	string	FALSE	FALSE	TRUE	TRUE
$x = "true";	string	FALSE	FALSE	TRUE	TRUE
$x = "false";	string	FALSE	FALSE	TRUE	TRUE

##Loose comparisons with == |TRUE|FALSE|1|0|-1|"1"|"0"|"-1"|NULL|array()|"php"|"" -----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|----- TRUE|TRUE|FALSE|TRUE|FALSE|TRUE|TRUE|FALSE|TRUE|FALSE|FALSE|TRUE|FALSE FALSE|FALSE|TRUE|FALSE|TRUE|FALSE|FALSE|TRUE|FALSE|TRUE|TRUE|FALSE|TRUE 1|TRUE|FALSE|TRUE|FALSE|FALSE|TRUE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE 0|FALSE|TRUE|FALSE|TRUE|FALSE|FALSE|TRUE|FALSE|TRUE|FALSE|TRUE|TRUE -1|TRUE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|TRUE|FALSE|FALSE|TRUE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE "1"|TRUE|FALSE|TRUE|FALSE|FALSE|TRUE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE "0"|FALSE|TRUE|FALSE|TRUE|FALSE|FALSE|TRUE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE "-1"|TRUE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|TRUE|FALSE|FALSE|TRUE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE NULL|FALSE|TRUE|FALSE|TRUE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|TRUE|TRUE|FALSE|TRUE array()|FALSE|TRUE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|TRUE|TRUE|FALSE|FALSE "php"|TRUE|FALSE|FALSE|TRUE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|TRUE|FALSE ""|FALSE|TRUE|FALSE|TRUE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|TRUE|FALSE|FALSE|TRUE

##Strict comparisons with === |TRUE|FALSE|1|0|-1|"1"|"0"|"-1"|NULL|array()|"php"|"" -----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|----- TRUE|TRUE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE FALSE|FALSE|TRUE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE 1|FALSE|FALSE|TRUE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE 0|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|TRUE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE -1|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|TRUE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE "1"|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|TRUE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE "0"|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|TRUE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE "-1"|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|TRUE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE NULL|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|TRUE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE array()|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|TRUE|FALSE|FALSE "php"|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|TRUE|FALSE ""|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE|TRUE

##Comparison Operators

Example	Name	Result
$a == $b	Equal	TRUE if $a is equal to $b after type juggling.
$a === $b	Identical	TRUE if $a is equal to $b, and they are of the same type.
$a != $b	Not equal	TRUE if $a is not equal to $b after type juggling.
$a <> $b	Not equal	TRUE if $a is not equal to $b after type juggling.
$a !== $b	Not identical	TRUE if $a is not equal to $b, or they are not of the same type.
$a < $b	Less than	TRUE if $a is strictly less than $b.
$a > $b	Greater than	TRUE if $a is strictly greater than $b.
$a <= $b	Less than or equal to	TRUE if $a is less than or equal to $b.
$a >= $b	Greater than or equal to	TRUE if $a is greater than or equal to $b.
$a <=> $b	Spaceship	An integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero when $a is respectively less than, equal to, or greater than $b. Available as of PHP 7.
$a ?? $b ?? $c	Null coalescing	The first operand from left to right that exists and is not NULL. NULL if no values are defined and not NULL. Available as of PHP 7.