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var action = cmp.get("c.ApexControllerMethod");
action.setParams({
  "param1" : cmp.get("v.param1"),
  "param2" : cmp.get("v.param2"),
  "param3" : cmp.get("v.param3"),
  "param4" : cmp.get("v.param4")
});
action.setCallback(this, function(response){
  var state = response.getState();
  if(state === "SUCCESS"){
    var returned = response.getReturnValue();
    //Do whatever you need to do
  }
  else if(state === "INCOMPLETE"){
    console.log('No response from server or client is offline.');
  }
  else if(state === "ERROR"){
    var errors = response.getError();
    if(errors){
      if(errors[0] && errors[0].message){
        console.log('Error: ' + errors[0].message);
      }
    } else {
      console.log('Unknown error');
    }
  }
});
$A.enqueueAction(action);