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Directory	Description
/Applications	Self explanatory, this is where your Mac’s applications are kept
/Developer	The Developer directory appears only if you have installed Apple’s Developer Tools, and no surprise, contains developer related tools, documentation, and files.
/Library	Shared libraries, files necessary for the operating system to function properly, including settings, preferences, and other necessities (note: you also have a Libraries folder in your home directory, which holds files specific to that user).
/Network	largely self explanatory, network related devices, servers, libraries, etc
/System	System related files, libraries, preferences, critical for the proper function of Mac OS X
/Users	All user accounts on the machine and their accompanying unique files, settings, etc. Much like /home in Linux
/Volumes	Mounted devices and volumes, either virtual or real, such as hard disks, CD’s, DVD’s, DMG mounts, etc
/	Root directory, present on virtually all UNIX based file systems. Parent directory of all other files
/bin	Essential common binaries, holds files and programs needed to boot the operating system and run properly
/etc	Machine local system configuration, holds administrative, configuration, and other system files
/dev	Device files, all files that represent peripheral devices including keyboards, mice, trackpads, etc
/usr	Second major hierarchy, includes subdirectories that contain information, configuration files, and other essentials used by the operating system
/sbin	Essential system binaries, contains utilities for system administration
/tmp	Temporary files, caches, etc
/var	Variable data, contains files whose contents change as the operating system runs