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Note 1: The following CQ curl commands assumes a admin:admin username and password.
Note 2: For Windows/Powershell users: use two "" when doing a -F cURL command.
        Example: -F"":operation=delete""
Note 3: Quotes around name of package (or name of zip file, or jar) should be included.

Uninstall a bundle (use http://localhost:4505/system/console/bundles to access the Apache Felix web console)
        curl -u admin:admin -daction=uninstall http://localhost:4505/system/console/bundles/"name of bundle"

Install a bundle
        curl -u admin:admin -F action=install -F bundlestartlevel=20 -F 
        bundlefile=@"name of jar.jar" http://localhost:4505/system/console/bundles

Build a bundle
        curl -u admin:admin -F bundleHome=/apps/centrica/bundles/name of bundle -F 
        descriptor=/apps/centrica/bundles/com.centrica.cq.wcm.core-bundle/name_of_bundle.bnd 
        http://localhost:4505/libs/crxde/build

Stop a bundle
        curl -u admin:admin http://localhost:4505/system/console/bundles/org.apache.sling.scripting.jsp 
        -F action=stop

Start a bundle
        curl -u admin:admin http://localhost:4505/system/console/bundles/org.apache.sling.scripting.jsp 
        -F action=start

Delete a node (hierarchy) - (this will delete any directory / node / site)
        curl -X DELETE http://localhost:4505/path/to/node/jcr:content/nodeName -u admin:admin

Upload a package AND install
        curl -u admin:admin -F file=@"name of zip file" -F name="name of package" 
        -F force=true -F install=true http://localhost:4505/crx/packmgr/service.jsp

Upload a package DO NOT install
        curl -u admin:admin -F file=@"name of zip file" -F name="name of package" 
        -F force=true -F install=false http://localhost:4505/crx/packmgr/service.jsp

Rebuild an existing package in CQ
        curl -u admin:admin -X POST http://localhost:4505:/crx/packmgr/service/.json/etc/packages/name_of_package.zip?cmd=build

Download (the package)
        curl -u admin:admin http://localhost:4505/etc/packages/export/name_of_package.zip > name of local package file

Upload a new package
        curl -u admin:admin -F package=@"name_of_package.zip" http://localhost:4505/crx/packmgr/service/.json/?cmd=upload

Install an existing package
        curl -u admin:admin -X POST http://localhost:4505/crx/packmgr/service/.json/etc/packages/export/name of package?cmd=install

Activate
        curl -u admin:admin -X POST -F path="/content/path/to/page" -F cmd="activate" http://localhost:4502/bin/replicate.json

Deactivate
        curl -u admin:admin -X POST -F path="/content/path/to/page" -F cmd="deactivate" http://localhost:4502/bin/replicate.json

Tree Activation
        curl -u admin:admin -F cmd=activate -F ignoredeactivated=true -F onlymodified=true 
        -F path=/content/geometrixx http://localhost:4502/etc/replication/treeactivation.html

Lock page
        curl -u admin:admin -X POST -F cmd="lockPage" -F path="/content/path/to/page" -F "_charset_"="utf-8" http://localhost:4502/bin/wcmcommand

Unlock page
        curl -u admin:admin -X POST -F cmd="unlockPage" -F path="/content/path/to/page" -F "_charset_"="utf-8" http://localhost:4502/bin/wcmcommand

Copy page
        curl -u admin:admin -F:operation=copy -F:dest=/path/to/destination http://localhost:4505/path/to/source

Further Resources:

http://cq-ops.tumblr.com/post/19017053665/useful-curl-commands
http://balawcm.wordpress.com/2013/02/13/curl-it-out-adobe-cq5-curl-commands-and-usage/