Anim layers example to query and create new layer if it doesn't already exist From https://www.safaribooksonline.com/library/view/maya-programming-with/9781785283987/ch06s03.html
import maya.cmds as cmds
def makeAnimLayer(layerName):
baseAnimationLayer = cmds.animLayer(query=True, root=True)
foundLayer = False
if (baseAnimationLayer != None):
childLayers = cmds.animLayer(baseAnimationLayer, query=True, children=True)
if (childLayers != None) and (len(childLayers) > 0):
if layerName in childLayers:
foundLayer = True
if not foundLayer:
cmds.animLayer(layerName)
else:
print('Layer ' + layerName + ' already exists')
makeAnimLayer("myLayer")