iceycode
11/6/2017 - 8:45 AM

Linux Configuration Commands & Scripts

Archlinux commands and scripts.

References:

ArchLinux_Install.md
content_copyfile_download
  • Rendered
  • Source

Installing Arch:

sudo vim /etc/pacman.conf
# Update packages list: 
sudo pacman -Syy
# run before installing any software (to update the repositories first)
sudo pacman -Syu

Timing issue:

  • Change hardware clock to use UTC time: sudo timedatectl set-local-rtc 0
  • Set timezone to /, ie - Asia/Singapore sudo timedatectl set-timezone North America/New York
  • Install Network Time Protocol sudo pacman -S ntp
  • Synchornize the system clock: sudo ntpd -qg
  • After updating the system clock, store the time to the hardware clock so that it is preserved when rebooting: sudo hwclock -w

Pacman log file:

  • /var/log/pacman.log

Downgrading package:

cd /var/cache/pacman/pkg
# 1) 
sudo pacman -Ud nvidia-utils-313.30-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz
# 2) 
sudo pacman -Ud nvidia-313.30-5-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz
# 3) 
sudo pacman -Ud virtualbox-host-modules-4.2.12-3-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz
# 4) 
sudo pacman -U linux-3.8.11-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz
# 5) 
sudo pacman -U virtualbox-4.2.12-3-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz

Installing X

  • Choose fastest mirror in /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist:vim /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
  • Put the below line at the top: 
    Server = http://mirror.nus.edu.sg/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
sudo pacman -S xorg
sudo pacman -S xorg-twm xorg-xclock xterm
startx
  • NOTE:
    • Take note that: never try to create /etc/xorg.conf file!!! Try to create this file will make X not able to start!!!

Sound:

Sound is muted by default, so need to unmuted it: ArchLinux Wiki - Sound

  • sudo pacman -S alsa-utils

Set locale:

sudo vim /etc/local.gen
sudo locale-gen

Fix "truecrypt failed to set up a loop device":

lsmod | grep loop
sudo modprobe loop
sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/truecrypt.conf <<< "loop"

WIFI:

  • The wireless here is "wlo1" 
    sudo ip link set wlo1 up
sudo wpa_supplicant -i wlo1 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf &
sudo dhcpcd wlo1
  • GUI config tool (optinal):
    • sudo pacman -S wpa_supplicant_gui
  • Add network stub below, 
    network={
    ssid="Nha06-16-30 co j nhieu I"
    # psk="gaidepnhieuI"
    psk=35a7546f8885820d05a6fdbfa2e388191b977be3ba9d514b46da38623a7e0333
}
ap_scan=1
  • Fix issue can't start wpa_supplicant:
    • add no password require for user squallltt when he runs wpa_supplicant to /etc/sudoers
  • Connect WEP: 
    sudo iwconfig wlo1 essid "NAAEC" key 0050263557 
# if using ASCII key: 
sudo iwconfig wlo1 essid "MyWiFiID" key s:asciikey
sudo dhcpcd wlo1
  • Connect WIFI to known SSID

Mount NTFS volume:

  • Install ntfs-3g:
    • sudo pacman -S ntfs-3g
  • Mount volume -mount -t ntfs-3g /dev/<device> /mnt/<folder>

Cannot find the fakeroot binary required for building as non-root user

  • User repository
    • sudo pacman -S base-devel
  • Then can make package for Dropbox like so:
    • makepkg -s

Fine tuning font:

Enable thumbnail view in thunar file manager:

sudo pacman -S tumbler

Installing Dropbox:

  • Instructions
  • Download dropbox
  • Download nautilus-dropbox
  • Uncompress them using: tar xvfz <filename.tar.gz>
  • Go to dropbox folder and run: makepkg -s
  • Then install the built package: sudo pacman -U <filename.xz>
  • IMPORTANT :
    • never never edit any file in the Dropbox folder before the newly installed Dropbox has finished indexing the files; or else it will create file conflict!!!!

Disable beep sound:

  • sudo rmmod pcspkr
  • Black list to prevent loading at boot:
    • sudo echo "blacklist pcspkr" > /etc/modprobe.d/nobeep.conf

Check error X:

  • See forum topic : 
    cat /var/log/Xorg.0.log | grep EE
/etc/X11/xorg.conf # if cannot start X, delete this file! EVIL file

Fixes

Various fixes and tweaks to ArchLinux after standard install.

Fix VLC no start:

  • Reference 
    pacman -S vlc
/usr/lib/vlc/vlc-cache-gen -f usr/lib/vlc/plugins
pacman -S vlc # just to be sure ;)

Terminal hack (display beautiful Arch Linux logo on terminal):

-Terminal Hack

  • Download the package
    • makepkg
  • Install alsi
    • In terminal, run: alsi
  • config files are in: ~/.config/alsi/

Fix truecrypt Dropbox volume mount as read only

  • See log file: jounrnalctl -xn
  • The error is "Unable to monitor entire Dropbox folder hierarchy."" Please run "echo 100000 | sudo tee /proc/sys/fs/inotify/max_user_watches" and restart Dropbox to correct the problem.
  • Encrypt
    • sudo vi /etc/sysctl.conf
    • add this line at the end:fs.inotify.max_user_watches = 100000
    • save the file and reboot. That's it.

Fix XFCE unable to start properly:

  • rm -R .gconf .gnome2 .config/xfce4 .config/xfce4-session .cache
    • I did pacman -Syu before and after the installation of xfce, but my problem was after the installation there was a file at /etc/profile.d/locale.sh that was causing a conflict and not allowing the system to update at all. I never noticed it and when it went back to the cursor so fast I automatically assumed everything was up to date and it had nothing to do. I removed the locale.sh file, ran pacman -Syu, and everything updated as it should and xfce works flawlessly now.
  • Manual Update Intervention
    • Summary: Please manually delete /etc/profile.d/locale.sh before updating. If . /etc/rc.conf fails in your login shell, please read the full announcement.

Mount USB flash drive, thumbdrive

Installing Teamviewer:

  • Enable multilib: edit file /etc/pacman.conf 
    #[multilib]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
  • The Teamviewer daemon must be running for Teamviewer 8 to work.
    • In terminal execute: sudo systemctl start teamviewerd

Openbox:

  • Config auto start file: vim .config/openbox/autostart
  • Theme configuration: obconf
  • Menumaker: sudo pacman -S menumaker ...
mmaker -vf OpenBox3 # this will rescan all the installed application & overwrite the existing menu.xml file

  • tint2 : taskbar

    • GUI configure tint: tint2conf
    • config file: ~/.config/tint2/tint2rc

  • openbox --restart

  • [xcompmgr](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Xcompmgr]

    • ``xcompmgr -c &```

  • [Wallpaper]https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Feh)

    • feh --bg-center ~/wallpapers/ArchLinux01.jpg

  • Suspend: pm-suspend

    • Install: sudo pacman -S pm-utils
    • Locking the screen saver on hibernate or suspend
    • Create file: /etc/pm/sleep.d/00screensaver-lock
    • Write to file: 
      #!/bin/sh
#
# lock workstation on hibernate or suspend

username=squallltt # add username here; i.e.: username=foobar
userhome=/home/$username
export XAUTHORITY="$userhome/.Xauthority"
export DISPLAY=":0"

case "$1" in
  hibernate|suspend)
       su $username -c "/usr/bin/slock" & # or any other such as /usr/bin/xscreensaver-command -lock
       ;;
    thaw|resume)
       ;;
    *) exit $NA
       ;;
esac

  • chmod to 755, # and make sure it owns by root:root

  • Arch IRC members say don't use pm-*crap, use this instead:

    • systemctl suspend
    • How to lock screen when suspend using the above command
    • Create file slock.service and put it in /etc/systemd/system/
    • Script: 
      [Unit]
Description=Lock X session using slock - Tung

[Service]
User=squallltt
Environment=DISPLAY=:0
ExecStart=/usr/bin/slock

[Install]
WantedBy=sleep.target
    • Then run: sudo systemctl enable slock.service
    • Then everytime we suspend by using: systemctl suspend, it will lock the screen as well
    • List systemctl service: systemctl -t service -a | grep slock

  • Adjust keyboard delay

    • Put this to ~/.config/openbox/autostart: xset r rate 200 30

  • Theme:

    • sudo pacman -S lxappearance # this allows us to change gtk application theme)
    • For Qt see link
      • Install Qt
      • add: export GTK2_RC_FILES="$HOME/.gtkrc-2.0" to .xinitrc file
      • before start openbox choose GTK+ theme for Qt by: /usr/bin/qtconfig-qt4
    • For app transparentcy
      • devilspie syntax documentation
      • install: sudo pacman -S transset-df
      • transset-df <value> # where value between 0..1
      • sudo pacman -S devilspie
      • then start: xcompmgr &
      • then start: devilspie -a &
      • configure opacity: vim ~/.devilspie/opacity.ds

  • Control volume from keyboard

Graphic driver

  • Install Bumblebee
  • sudo pacman -S intel-dri xf86-video-intel bumblebee nvidia
  • add user to bumblebee group: gpasswd -a squallltt bumblebee
  • Start bumblebee automatically at startup: systemctl enable bumblebeed
  • Reboot!
    • by doing those previous steps, it fix the error: "EnterVT failed for screen 0"
    • that means: every time a computer is suspended or press Ctrl+Alt+F2 then the X server is terminated and all other applications are killed
    • The url link also provides a troubleshooting: "Fatal IO error 11 (Resource temporarily unavailable) on X server"
  • Change KeepUnusedXServer in /etc/bumblebee/bumblebee.conf from false to true
    • For VirtualBox guest running Arch:
      • if the file ~/.xinitrc has: sudo VBoxClient-all & sudo systemctl start vboxservice.service then need to make sure that we don't need sudo password for VBoxClient-all and systemctl (or else, we will receive error EnterVT failed for screen 0). Solving by doing this:
        • sudo visudo -f /etc/sudoers
        • add following to above file
  • Allow sudo for user squallltt and let him run VboxClient-all without requiring a password:
squallltt ALL = PASSWD: ALL, NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/VBoxClient-all, /usr/sbin/ip, /usr/sbin/wpa_supplicant, /usr/sbin/dhcpcd, /usr/bin/truecrypt, /usr/bin/systemctl

Disable menu in Virtualbox:

VBoxManage setextradata global GUI/Customizations noMenuBar,noStatusBar

Vim: write to root permission file in vim

  • add to .vimrc file: cmap w!! w !sudo tee %
  • run, as usual: vim /path/to/file
  • then when we want to save, just issue: w!!
  • then press l

irssi : IRC

  • Source: http://blog.dhampir.no/content/irssi-auto-connect-and-auto-identify
  • vim ~/.irssi/config
  • There are loads of irssi scripts which do this, but the truth is irssi actually supports these things very well out of the box. Here's how.
    • Start up irssi, then:
    • /connect irc.freenode.net
    • /<username> YourIRCName
    • /SERVER ADD -auto -network freenode irc.freenode.net 6667 <password>
      • you may have to shutdown and restart irssi at this point for it to recognize the network name "freenode" in the next step
      • /CHANNEL ADD -auto #ubuntu freenode
  • Another method of auto-identifying is seen below. The above is generally preferred.
    • /NETWORK ADD -autosendcmd "/^msg MyServer IDENTIFY password;wait 2000" freenode
  • Ignore join, part, quit message: add the following to config file: 
    ignores = (
  {
    level = "JOINS PARTS QUITS";
    channels = ( "#archlinux", "#vim", "#python" );
    network  = "FreeNode";
  },
  {
    level = "MODES";
    channels = ( "&amp;bitlbee" );
    network  = "BitlBee";
  }
);

Screen recording:

gtk-recordmydesktop

Mount iso file

  • To Mount: fuseiso -p testimage.iso testimagemountpoint
  • to unmount:fusermount -u <mountpoint>

Fix Gtk-WARNING

  • Warning:

Unable to locate theme engine in module_path: "murrine"

  • Fixes:
  • sudo pacman -S gtk-engines
  • sudo pacman -S gtk-engine-murrine

Some useful commands:

  • Change resolution:
    • See resolutions available: xrandr
    • Res = 1920x1080: xrandr --output VGA1 --mode 1920x1080
  • See error log: journalctl -xn
  • See which driver X org is using: lspci -nnk | grep -i vga -A3 | grep 'in use'
  • To remove a package and its dependencies which are not required by any other installed package
    • pacman -Rs package_name
    • sudo pacman -Rs nautilus #remove nautilus
  • update system: sudo pacman -Syu
  • list all packages no longer required as dependencies : sudo pacman -Qdt
  • generate a list of installed packages: 
    pacman -Q > pacman.txt
pacman -Qqe > pacman.txt
pacman -Qi | sed '/^Name/{ s/  *//; s/^.* //; H;N;d}; /^URL/,/^Build Date/d; /^Install Reason/,/^Description/d; /^  */d;x; s/^.*: ... //; s/Jan/01/;  s/Feb/02/;  s/Mar/03/;  s/Apr/04/;  s/May/05/;  s/Jun/06/;  s/Jul/07/;  s/Aug/08/; s/Sep/09/; s/Oct/10/;  s/Nov/11/;  s/Dec/12/; / [1-9]\{1\} /{ s/[[:digit:]]\{1\}/0&/3 }; s/\(^[[:digit:]][[:digit:]]\) \([[:digit:]][[:digit:]]\) \(.*\) \(....\)/\4-\1-\2 \3/' | sed ' /^[[:alnum:]].*$/ N; s/\n/ /; s/\(^[[:graph:]]*\) \(.*$\)/\2 \1/; /^$/d' > pacman.txt
###
# display installed packages, sorted by size
pacsysclean > pacman.txt  
# search for keyword "gnome" in the installed package
sudo pacman -Qs gnome
  • Turn off laptop screen:xrandr --output LVDS1 --off
  • Add new user:sudo useradd -m -g [initial_group] -G [additional_groups] -s [login_shell] [username]
    • example: sudo useradd -m -g users -s /bin/bash newuser
  • Specify user password: sudo passwd [username]
  • Add group squallltt: sudo groupadd squallltt
  • Add user squallltt to group squallltt: sudo gpasswd -a squallltt squallltt
  • List file in tar: tar -tvf em-4.0.15-lt.tar.gz | more
  • List file in .rar: unrar l file.rar
  • List file in .zip: unzip -l file.zip
  • Get IP address: ip addr
  • SSH service
    • Start manually: sudo systemctl start sshd
    • Auto start at startup: sudo systemctl enable sshd.service
    • Enable SSH Deamon socket so the deamon is started on the first incoming connection:
      • sudo systemctl enable sshd.socket
  • Copy default config file: /etc/skel/
  • Transfer file via SSH: -scp /path/to/my.file me@serverB:/path/to/destination/my.file
  • Copy all content inside a directory including sub-directories:
    • cp -R * destination_path
  • Disable synaptics mouse / touch pad mouse:synclient TouchpadOff=1
  • Check laptop battery status:
    • ``sudo pacman -S acpi
    • check battery state: acpi
    • check temperature: acpi -t
    • check AC power status: acpi -a
    • check alltogether: acpi -V
  • Delete all ".tmp" files in the current directory find . -name "*.tmp" -exec rm -rfv {} +
  • Delete all conflicted files in Dropbox: find . -name "*conflict*" -exec rm -rfv {} +
  • Add to ignore list in SVN: svn propedit svn:ignore .
  • Ignore .git directory in SVN repo: svn propset svn:ignore .git .
  • Global ignore SVN:
    • Edit file ~/.subversion/config
    • global-ignores = *.o *.lo *.la *.al .libs *.so *.so.[0-9]* *.a *.pyc *.pyo * .stripped
  • See log files: 
    dmesg
sudo journalctl -xb
sudo cat /proc/kmsg
  • See memory: free -m

Change system wide editor to vim:

Add this to .bashrc

# change system-wide editor
export VISUAL="/usr/bin/vim -p -X"
export EDITOR=vim

VNC

  • Install tightvnc: sudo pacman -S tightvnc
  • First time setup, run: vncserver
  • Edit xstartup file (which functions like an .xinitrc file) ~/.vnc/xstartup
  • Start a VNC server: vncserver -geometry 1440x900 -alwaysshared -dpi 96 :1
  • Shutdown a vncserver: vncserver -kill :1
  • Connect to a vnc server: vncviewer 192.168.0.150:1

Could not open a connection to your authentication agent.

  • Install openssh: sudo pacman -S openssh
  • This error happen when issue command: ssh-add
  • To fix this, run: eval ssh-agent
  • Then run (without problem): ssh-add 
SSHAGENT="/usr/bin/ssh-agent"
SSHAGENTARGS="-s"
if [ -z "$SSH_AUTH_SOCK" -a -x "$SSHAGENT" ]; then
        eval `$SSHAGENT $SSHAGENTARGS`
        trap "kill $SSH_AGENT_PID" 0
fi

Show/hide menu in Thunar:

Ctrl + M

Tool to format USB flash:

sudo pacman -S dosfstools

Kernel driver not installed (rc=-1908) - VirtualBox Error

sudo modprobe vboxdrv

Enable shared folder in VirtualBox:

  • Run this command in the guest: sudo mount -t vboxsf
  • Don't copy file with this attribute: prw-r--r-- 1 squallltt users
    • mount -t vboxsf [-o OPTIONS] sharename mountpoint
  • Notes: sharename is optional or same as selected in the VirtualBox-Dialog , mountpoint of the shared directory in the hosts filesystem))

Installing yaourt

Tool to check ethernet (LAN cable)

sudo pacman -S ethtool
sudo ethtool enp3s0 | grep MDI-X
sudo ethtool enp3s0

Ranger

  • Copy default config files when first install: ranger --copy-config=all

Map delete key to delete files to trash, enable delete file from CLI to trash

  • yaourt trash-cli
  • edit file: 
    ~/.config/ranger/rc.conf
map <DELETE>   shell trash-put  %s

RaspberryPi

Specific to running Archlinux on RPi (raspberry pi).

while true ; 
do ./wireless-cron-job.sh ; sleep 15; done
  • Backup:sudo dd if=/dev/sdc of=~/raspberrypi_backup_20130514.img
  • Set IP address: sudo ifconfig eth0 192.168.0.137
  • Connect Android to Raspberry Pi
  • Create a file usb0 in /etc/network.d/, adding: 
    CONNECTION="ethernet"
DESCRIPTION="IP over USB"

INTERFACE="usb0"

IP="static"
IFOPTS="192.168.42.42 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 192.168.42.0 broadcast 192.168.42.255"

TIMEOUT=10

#PRE_UP=
#POST_UP="iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -s 192.168.
  • sudo systemctl enable dhcpcd@usb0
  • sudo systemctl enable netcfg@usb0
  • Then when the Pi is just turn on and booting, quickly enable USB tethering on the android, done!
    • Android IP: 192.168.42.129
    • Raspberry IP: 192.168.42.30
  • Enable access internet to the Pi: route add default gw 192.168.42.129 usb0
  • Fix /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0:

Could not read symbols: Invalid operation when compiling raspi camera;

- Add ``-lX11 -lpthread`` to the linker script

Testing

Additional Softwares That Needs to install:

  • sudo pacman -S vlc
  • ``sudo pacman -S veracrypt'`
  • sudo pacman -S firefox
  • PDF viewer:
    • sudo pacman -S zathura
    • sudo pacman -S zathura-pdf-poppler
    • sudo pacman -S zathura-djvu
  • Dropbox
    • sudo pacman -S chromium
  • Flash plugin for browser:
    • GNU flash: ```sudo pacman -S gnash-gtk``
    • or Adobe Flash: sudo pacman -S flashplugin
    • sudo pacman -S gstreamer0.10-plugins # required for GNU flash to play video
  • Git:
    • sudo pacman -S git
  • image viewer:
    • sudo pacman -S gpicview
  • awesome image viewer:
    • ```sudo pacman -S sxiv``
  • Screenshooter for xfce4:
    • sudo pacman -S xfce4-screenshooter
    • Settings > Keyboard > Application Shortcuts > Add
      • xfce4-screenshooter # assign to PrintScreen key
  • Music player:
    • sudo pacman -S banshee
  • Java Development Kit
    • sudo pacman -S jdk7-openjdk
  • Simple lock screen:
    • sudo pacman -S slock
    • To enable lock screen in XFCE:
      • XFCE Power Manager > Extended > Lock screen when going for suspend/hibernate
      • Session and Startup > Advanced > Lock screen before sleep
  • LaTex: sudo pacman -S texlive-most

Commands for pacman management system:

pacman -Sy       # synchronize repository databases if neccessary
pacman -Syy      # force synchronization of repository databases

pacman -Ss xyz   # search repository database for packages for xyz

pacman -S xyz    # install package xyz
pacman -Sy xyz   # synchronize repo and install xyz
pacman -Syy xyz  # really synchronize repo and install xyz

pacman -R xyz    # remove package xyz but keep its dependencies installed
pacman -Rs xyz   # remove package xyz and all its dependencies (if they are not required by any other package)
pacman -Rsc xyz  # remove package xyz, all its dependencies and packages that depend on the target package

pacman -Ql xyz   # show all files installed by the package xyz
pacman -Qo /path # find the package which installed the file at /pat