find a substring in a string
int find_substring(const string& s, const string& p) {
int ns = s.size(), np = p.size();
if(ns == 0 || np == 0 || ns < np) return -1;
for(int i=0; i<ns-np; ++i) {
int j = i, k = 0;
while(k < np && p[k++] == s[j++]) {}
if(k < np) continue;
if(k == np) return i;
}
return -1;
}