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import org.apache.tika.parser.txt.CharsetDetector;

public class GetBytesEncoding {
    public static String getBytesEncoding(final byte[] data) {
        final CharsetDetector detector = new CharsetDetector();
        detector.setDeclaredEncoding("UTF-8");
        detector.setText(data);
        return detector.detect().getName();
    }
}

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tika</groupId>
    <artifactId>tika-parsers</artifactId>
    <version>1.18</version>
</dependency>