Оператор условия
SELECT type, heart_rate,
CASE
WHEN heart_rate > 220-30 THEN "above max"
WHEN heart_rate > ROUND(0.90 * (220-30)) THEN "above target"
WHEN heart_rate > ROUND(0.50 * (220-30)) THEN "within target"
ELSE "below target"
END as "hr_zone"
FROM exercise_logs;