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### single
Y = data['TV'] # column
Y = data.TV

df[:2] # first two rows
df.ix['Maricopa'] # view a row
df.ix[:, 'coverage'] # view a column
df.ix['Yuma', 'coverage'] # view the value based on a row and column

## select rows
# by index
df.iloc[:2] # rows by row number
df.iloc[1:2] # Select the second and third row
df.iloc[2:] # Select every row after the third row
df.iloc[3:6,0:3] #  
# by label
df.loc[:'Arizona'] # all rows by index label
df.ix[['Arizona', 'Texas']]   # .ix is the combination of both .loc and .iloc. Integers are first considered labels,if not found, falls back on pos indexing

# conditional
df.query('A > C')
df.query('A > 0') 
df.query('A > 0 & A < 1')
df.query('A > B | A > C')
df[df['coverage'] > 50] # all rows where coverage is more than 50
df[(df['deaths'] > 500) | (df['deaths'] < 50)]
df[(df['score'] > 1) & (df['score'] < 5)]
df[~(df['regiment'] == 'Dragoons')] # Select all the regiments not named "Dragoons"

df[df['age'].notnull() & df['sex'].notnull()]  # ignore the missing data points

# is in
df[df.name.isin(value_list)]   # value_list = ['Tina', 'Molly', 'Jason']
df[~df.name.isin(value_list)]

# partial matching
df2[df2.E.str.contains("tw|ou")]
# regex
df['raw'].str.contains('....-..-..', regex=True)  # regex
# where cells are arrays
df[df['country'].map(lambda country: 'Syria' in country)]
# random
df.take(np.random.permutation(len(df))[:2])

# select cells
df.ix['Arizona', 2]  # Select the third cell in the row named Arizona
df.ix[2, 'deaths']  # Select the third cell down in the column named deaths


# select cell ranges
df['x3'][:1]  # take column 'x3', 

# select columns
df.iloc[:,:2] # Select the first 2 columns
feature_cols = ['TV','Radio','Newspaper']
x = data[feature_cols]
data[['TV','Radio','Newspaper']]
# column labels
df.loc[:,['A','B']]  # syntax is: df.loc[rows_index, cols_index]
# conditional
df.filter(like='data')


df['preTestScore'].where(df['postTestScore'] > 50) # Find where a value exists in a column



### sorting

df.sort_values(by='reports', ascending=0)  # Sort the dataframe's rows by reports, in descending order
df.sort_values(by=['coverage', 'reports'])  # Sort the dataframe's rows by coverage and then by reports, in ascending order



# Exploring

### general


data.head()
data.tail()
data.tail().transpose()

# dimensions
data.shape()



#List unique values in the df['name'] column
df.name.unique()




####
# Stats
####

# Descriptive statistics by group
data['preTestScore'].groupby(df['company']).describe()
data['preTestScore'].describe()
# Count the number of non-NA values
data['preTestScore'].count()
data['preTestScore'].min()
# value counts
data.group.value_counts()
# Correlation Matrix Of Values
df.corr()

pd.rolling_mean(df, 2)  # Calculate the moving average. That is, take
                        # the first two values, average them, 
                        # then drop the first and add the third, etc.

#####
# Mean preTestScores grouped by regiment and company
#####
#regiment    company
#Dragoons    1st         3.5
#            2nd        27.5
#Nighthawks  1st        14.0
#            2nd        16.5
#Scouts      1st         2.5
#            2nd         2.5
#dtype: float64
data['preTestScore'].groupby([df['regiment'], data['company']]).mean()

####
# Mean preTestScores grouped by regiment and company without heirarchical indexing
####
#company	1st	2nd
#regiment		
#Dragoons	3.5	27.5
#Nighthawks	14.0	16.5
#Scouts	2.5	2.5
data['preTestScore'].groupby([data['regiment'], data['company']]).mean().unstack()

#####
# Group the entire dataframe by regiment and company
#####
#preTestScore	postTestScore
#regiment	company		
#Dragoons	1st	3.5	47.5
#2nd	27.5	75.5
#Nighthawks	1st	14.0	59.5
#2nd	16.5	59.5
#Scouts	1st	2.5	66.0
#2nd	2.5	66.0

df.groupby(['regiment', 'company']).mean()


# Count the number of times each number of deaths occurs in each regiment
# Input
#	guardCorps	corps1	corps2	corps3	corps4	corps5	corps6	corps7	corps8	corps9	corps10	corps11	corps14	corps15
# 1875	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	0
# 1876	2	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1
# 1877	2	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	0	2	0


result = horsekick.apply(pd.value_counts).fillna(0); result

# Create a crosstab table by company and regiment


# regiment	company	experience	name	preTestScore	postTestScore
# 0	Nighthawks	infantry	veteran	Miller	4	25
# 1	Nighthawks	infantry	rookie	Jacobson	24	94
# 2	Nighthawks	cavalry	veteran	Ali	31	57
# -->
# company	cavalry	infantry	All
# regiment			
# Dragoons	2	2	4
# Nighthawks	2	2	4

# Counting the number of observations by regiment and category

pd.crosstab(df.regiment, df.company, margins=True)


df['preTestScore'].idxmax() # row with max value