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:: Command Line Arguments
 
@echo off 
echo %1 
echo %2 
echo %3
 
 
:: Set Command
set /A variable-name=value
 
:: where,
::variable-name is the name of the variable you want to set.
::value is the value which needs to be set against the variable.
::/A – This switch is used if the value needs to be numeric in nature.
 
:: Ex 1
@echo off 
set message=Hello World 
echo %message%
 
 
:: Working with Numbers
@echo off 
SET /A a=5 
SET /A b=10 
SET /A c=%a% + %b% 
echo %c%
 
 
@echo off 
SET /A a=5 
SET /A b=10 
SET /A c=%a% + %b% 
echo %c% 
SET /A c=%a% - %b% 
echo %c% 
SET /A c=%b% / %a% 
echo %c% 
SET /A c=%b% * %a% 
echo %c%
 
 
:: Local vs Global vars
@echo off 
set globalvar=5
SETLOCAL
set var=13145
set /A var=%var% + 5
echo %var%
echo %globalvar%
ENDLOCAL
 
:: Environment Variables
 
@echo off 
echo %JAVA_HOME%

A. CREATE STRING
 
@echo off 
:: This program just displays Hello World 
set message = Hello World 
echo %message%
 
 
B. Empty String
B.1 Check for existence of empty string
SET A=
 
@echo off 
SET a = 
SET b = Hello 
if [%a%] == [] echo "String A is empty" 
if [%b%] == [] echo "String B is empty "
 
 
C. Interpolation
 
@echo off 
SET a = Hello 
SET b = World 
SET /A d = 50 
SET c = %a% and %b% %d%
echo %c%
 
Hello and World 50
 
D. Concatenation
 
@echo off 
SET a = Hello 
SET b = World 
SET c = %a% and %b% 
echo %c%
 
 
E. Length of String (Custom)
 
@echo off
set str = Hello World
call :strLen str strlen
echo String is %strlen% characters long
exit /b
 
:strLen
setlocal enabledelayedexpansion
 
:strLen_Loop
   if not "!%1:~%len%!"=="" set /A len+ = 1 & goto :strLen_Loop
(endlocal & set %2 = %len%)
goto :eof
 
F. INTEGERS + ROUNDUP
@echo off
set var = 13145
set /A var = %var% + 5
echo %var%
 
%variable:~num_chars_to_skip% 
%variable:~num_chars_to_skip,num_chars_to_keep%
%variable:~num_chars_to_skip, -num_chars_to_keep%
%variable:~-num_chars_to_skip,num_chars_to_keep%
%variable:~-num_chars_to_skip,-num_chars_to_keep%
 
 
G. ALIGN TEXT TO RIGHT
@echo off 
set x = 1000 
set y = 1 
set y = %y% 
echo %x% 
 
set y = %y:~-4% 
echo %y%
 
 
H. SUBSTRING (LEFT STRING)
@echo off 
set str = Helloworld 
echo %str% 
 
set str = %str:~0,5% 
echo %str%
 
J. SUBSTRING (MID STRING)
@echo off 
set str = Helloworld 
echo %str%
 
set str = %str:~5,10% 
echo %str%
 
KS SUBSTRING (RIGHT STRING)
@echo off 
set str = This message needs changed. 
echo %str% 
 
set str = %str:~-8% 
echo %str%
 
K. REMOVE SUBSTRING
@echo off 
set str = Batch scripts is easy. It is really easy. 
echo %str% 
 
set str = %str:is =% 
echo %str%
 
 
L. REMOVE BOTH ENDS OF SUBSTRING
@echo off 
set str = Batch scripts is easy. It is really easy 
echo %str% 
 
set str = %str:~1,-1% 
echo %str%
 
 
M. REMOVE ALL SPACES
@echo off 
set str = This string    has    a  lot  of spaces 
echo %str% 
 
set str = %str: =% 
echo %str%
 
 
O. REPLACE IN STRING
@echo off 
set str = This message needs changed. 
echo %str% 
 
set str = %str:needs = has% 
echo %str%

$ set /?

::Syntax
::Syntax of the set command is very simple. [variable] and [string] parts are optional and used according to situation
::SET [variable=[string]]
::SET [variable=[string]]


:: List All Environment Variables
:: Environment variables holds a lot of information about the operating system 
:: and user . All these information can be listed just issuing the set command 
:: without any parameter like below.
 
$ set


:: Get/Print Single Environment Variable
:: In previous example we have listed all environment variables without selecting
:: particular one. We can print only single variable just proving the variable name to the set command. In this example we will print the values of APPDATA environment variable.
 
$ set APPDATA


:: Get/Print Single Environment Variable
:: Change/Create Environment Variable
:: Now the last function of the set command. We can create  or change and 
:: environment variable and its value by giving both the variable name and 
:: the variable data. In this example we create a new variable named Test 
:: with value 1
 
$ set Test=1


:: Get Home Path
:: Home is the current users location where his personal files and folders stored. 
:: This path can be printed like below.
:: LEARN MORE  Javascript Array Variable Types

$ set HOMEPATH


:: Get Logon Server
:: Logon server is used to authenticate the user to login a system. In active 
:: directory system user credentials are authenticated in these authority servers.
 
$ set LOGONSERVER


:: Get Path Variable
:: Path variable is used to find executable files. Path variable stored more 
:: than one path and if a command is issued these path are checked for this 
:: command executables to run.
 
$ set PATH

:: Get Program Files Path
:: Windows operating system stores built-in and 3 party applications files and 
:: folder in Program Files directory. This directory path can be printed like below.
 
$ set ProgramFiles

:: Get System Root
:: Windows operating system files, folders and libraries are stored in System Root 
:: and this root directory generally named windows . By default this path is C:\Windows . 
:: The system root can be printed like below.
 
 
$ set SystemRoot


:: Get Username
:: The currently logged users user name can be printed like below.
 
$ set USERNAME

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:: Creating an array
set a[0] = 1


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:: Optional way to create array - Iterate through list of values
@echo off 
set list = 1 2 3 4 
(for %%a in (%list%) do ( 
   echo %%a 
))
 
 
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:: ACCESSING ARRAY ELEMENTS
@echo off
set a[0] = 1 
set a[1] = 2 
set a[2] = 3 
echo The first element of the array is %a[0]% 
echo The second element of the array is %a[1]% 
echo The third element of the array is %a[2]%
 
 
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:: MODIFYING ARRAY
 
@echo off 
set a[0] = 1 
set a[1] = 2 
set a[2] = 3 
Rem Adding an element at the end of an array 
Set a[3] = 4 
echo The last element of the array is %a[3]%
 
::You can modify an existing element of an Array by 
::assigning a new value at a given index as shown in the following example −
 
 
@echo off 
set a[0] = 1 
set a[1] = 2 
set a[2] = 3 
Rem Setting the new value for the second element of the array 
Set a[1] = 5 
echo The new value of the second element of the array is %a[1]%
 
 
 
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:: ITERATING OVER ARRAY
 
:: CASE 1 - WE KNOW SIZE
Iterating Over an Array
Iterating over an array is achieved by using the ‘for’ loop and going through each element of the array. The following example shows a simple way that an array can be implemented.
 
@echo off 
setlocal enabledelayedexpansion 
set topic[0] = comments 
set topic[1] = variables 
set topic[2] = Arrays 
set topic[3] = Decision making 
set topic[4] = Time and date 
set topic[5] = Operators 
 
for /l %%n in (0,1,5) do ( 
   echo !topic[%%n]! 
)
 
:: CASE 2 - WE DONT
set sources[0]=C:\Users\P.Doulgeridis\Desktop\SAPRUN00FILE\AAyymmddm1.txt
set sources[1]=C:\Users\P.Doulgeridis\Desktop\SAPRUN00FILE\AAyymmddm1EPAN.txt
set sources[2]=C:\Users\P.Doulgeridis\Desktop\SAPRUN00FILE\AAyymmddm1PPC.txt
set sources[3]=C:\Users\P.Doulgeridis\Desktop\SAPRUN00FILE\ALyymmddm1.V51.txt
set sources[4]=C:\Users\P.Doulgeridis\Desktop\SAPRUN00FILE\ALyymmddm1.V52.txt
 
for /F "tokens=2 delims==" %%s in ('set sources[') do (
	IF NOT EXIST %%s (
		CALL:error10 "225" "UNABLE TO LOCATE TARGET FILE %%s "
		CALL:ERRORNOTIFYMAIL "UNABLE TO LOCATE TARGET FILE %%s" "FATAL" "CHECK EXISTENCE OF TARGET FILES"
		EXIT /B 11
	) ELSE (
	ECHO TARGET DIRECTORY %%s LOCATED SUCCESFULLY
	ECHO.
	)
	set /a "numberoffilesout+=1"
)
 
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:: LENGTH OF ARRAY
::Length of an Array
::The length of an array is done by iterating over the list 
::of values in the array since there is no direct function 
::to determine the number of elements in an array.
 
@echo off 
set Arr[0] = 1 
set Arr[1] = 2 
set Arr[2] = 3 
set Arr[3] = 4 
set "x = 0" 
:SymLoop 
 
if defined Arr[%x%] ( 
   call echo %%Arr[%x%]%% 
   set /a "x+=1"
   GOTO :SymLoop 
)
echo "The length of the array is" %x%
 
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:: CREATING STRUCTURES IN ARRAYS
 
:: Creating Structures in Arrays
:: Structures can also be implemented in batch files using a little 
:: bit of an extra coding for implementation. The following example 
:: shows how this can be achieved.
 
Example
@echo off 
set len = 3 
set obj[0].Name = Joe 
set obj[0].ID = 1 
set obj[1].Name = Mark 
set obj[1].ID = 2 
set obj[2].Name = Mohan 
set obj[2].ID = 3 
set i = 0 
:loop 
 
if %i% equ %len% goto :eof 
set cur.Name = 
set cur.ID =
 
for /f "usebackq delims ==. tokens = 1-3" %%j in (`set obj[%i%]`) do ( 
   set cur.%%k = %%l 
) 
echo Name = %cur.Name% 
echo Value = %cur.ID% 
set /a i = %i%+1 
goto loop
 
::The following key things need to be noted about the above code.
::Each variable defined using the set command has 2 values associated 
::with each index of the array.
::The variable i is set to 0 so that we can loop through 
::the structure will the length of the array which is 3.
::We always check for the condition on whether the value 
::of i is equal to the value of len and if not, we loop through the code.
 
::We are able to access each element of the structure using the obj[%i%] notation.

:: Checking integers
@echo off 
SET /A a=5 
SET /A b=10 
SET /A c=%a% + %b% 
if %c%==15 echo "The value of variable c is 15" 
if %c%==10 echo "The value of variable c is 10"
 
 
:: Checking strings
@echo off 
SET str1=String1 
SET str2=String2 
if %str1%==String1 echo "The value of variable String1" 
if %str2%==String3 echo "The value of variable c is String3"
 
 
:: Checking command line arguments
@echo off 
echo %1 
echo %2 
echo %3 
if %1%==1 echo "The value is 1" 
if %2%==2 echo "The value is 2" 
if %3%==3 echo "The value is 3"
 
 
:: One lien if else
@echo off 
SET /A a=5 
SET /A b=10
SET /A c=%a% + %b% 
if %c%==15 (echo "The value of variable c is 15") else (echo "Unknown value") 
if %c%==10 (echo "The value of variable c is 10") else (echo "Unknown value")
 
 
:: One lien if else strings
@echo off 
SET str1=String1 
SET str2=String2 
if %str1%==String1 (echo "The value of variable String1") else (echo "Unknown value") 
if %str2%==String3 (echo "The value of variable c is String3") else (echo "Unknown value")
 
 
:: One line - parameter test
@echo off 
echo %1 
echo %2 
echo %3 
if %1%==1 (echo "The value is 1") else (echo "Unknown value") 
if %2%==2 (echo "The value is 2") else (echo "Unknown value") 
if %3%==3 (echo "The value is 3") else (echo "Unknown value")
 
 
:: If defined
@echo off 
SET str1=String1 
SET str2=String2 
if defined str1 echo "Variable str1 is defined"
if defined str3 (echo "Variable str3 is defined") else (echo "Variable str3 is not defined")
 
:: If exist
@echo off 
if exist C:\set2.txt echo "File exists" 
if exist C:\set3.txt (echo "File exists") else (echo "File does not exist")
 
 
:: If errorlevel - multiline block
@echo off
 
if ERRORLEVEL == 0 (
    echo GP Manager is up
    goto Continue7
)
echo GP Manager is down
:Continue7
 
 
 
:: if %ERRORLEVEL% - MULTILINE
@echo off 
 
if %ERRORLEVEL% == 0 (
msg * 1st line WORKS FINE rem You can relpace msg * with any othe operation...
goto Continue1
)
:Continue1
If exist "C:\Python31" (
msg * 2nd line WORKS FINE rem You can relpace msg * with any othe operation...
    goto Continue2
)
:Continue2
If exist "C:\Python31\Lib\site-packages\PyQt4" (  
msg * 3th line WORKS FINE rem You can relpace msg * with any othe operation...
    goto Continue3
)
:Continue3
msg * 4th line WORKS FINE rem You can relpace msg * with any othe operation...
    goto Continue4
)
:Continue4
msg * "Tutto a posto" rem You can relpace msg * with any othe operation...
pause
 
 
:: Nested if
@echo off
SET /A a=5
SET /A b=10
if %a%==5 if %b%==10 echo "The value of the variables are correct"
 
 
:: if errorlevel
if errorlevel n somecommand
 
 
:: if + go to
@echo off 
SET /A a=5 
 
if %a%==5 goto :labela 
if %a%==10 goto :labelb
 
:labela 
echo "The value of a is 5" 
 
exit /b 0
 
:labelb 
echo "The value of a is 10"

FOR /F "tokens=* USEBACKQ" %%F IN (`command`) DO (
SET var=%%F
)
ECHO %var%
I always use the USEBACKQ so that if you have a string to insert or a long file name, you can use your double quotes without screwing up the command.

Now if your output will contain multiple lines, you can do this

SETLOCAL ENABLEDELAYEDEXPANSION
SET count=1
FOR /F "tokens=* USEBACKQ" %%F IN (`command`) DO (
  SET var!count!=%%F
  SET /a count=!count!+1
)
ECHO %var1%
ECHO %var2%
ECHO %var3%
ENDLOCAL


rem https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6359820/how-to-set-commands-output-as-a-variable-in-a-batch-file