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//Define new function
var funcName = function (a) {
    return a*a;
}

//Method invocation
var obj = {
    name: 'objA',
    ping: function() {
        console.log('Ping from ' + this.name);
    }
};
obj.ping();

//Function invocation
var obj = {
    name: 'objA'
}
obj.ping = function() {
    var that = this;
    var helper = function () {
        console.log('Ping from ' + that.name);
    };
    helper(); // Invoke helper as a function.
};
obj.ping();

//Constructor invocation

var Obj = function(name) {
    this.name = name;
}
Obj.prototype.ping = function () { 
    console.log('Ping from ' + this.name);
};
var obj = new Obj('objA');
obj.ping();

//Apply invocation

var Obj = function(name) {
    this.name = name;
}
Obj.prototype.ping = function () { 
    console.log('Ping from ' + this.name);
};
var obj = new Obj('objA');
Obj.prototype.ping.apply(obj);

//Function with variable argument list

var sum = function() {
    var sum = 0;    
    for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
        sum += arguments[i];
    }
    return sum;
}
// result is 6
var total1 = sum (1, 2, 3);
// result is 15
var total2 = sum (1, 2, 3, 4, 5);


//Throw/catch exception

var boom = function () {
    throw {
        name: 'KaboomError',
        message: 'no reason'
    };

    console.log('never printed');
};
try {
    boom();
}
catch (e) {
    console.log('Exception happened: ' + e.name + '(' + e.message + ')');
}


//Function memoizer

var memoizer = function (memo, formula) {
        var recur = function (n) {
            var result = memo[n];
            if (typeof result !== 'number') {
                result = formula(recur, n);
                memo[n] = result;
            }
            return result;
        };
        return recur;
    };
var fibonacci = memoizer([0, 1], function (recur, n) {
        return recur(n - 1) + recur(n - 2);
});

//Closure

function makeAdder(x) {
  return function(y) {
    return x + y;
  };
}
var increment = makeAdder(1);
var add10 = makeAdder(10);
// 8
console.log(increment(7)); 
// 15
console.log(add10(5));