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    //1. create a menu directory within the /res directory
    //2. create a menu resource file. Call it main_menu
    
    //3. xml code to create menu items:..... 
    <menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <item android:title="Settings" android:id="@+id/settings" ></item>
    <item android:title="Help" android:id="@+id/help"></item></menu>
    
    
    //4. MenuInflater
        @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.share_menu, menu);
        return super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu);
    }
    
    
    /*
    //4. Prefer the shorter version above
    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        MenuInflater menuInflater = getMenuInflater();
        menuInflater.inflate(R.menu.main_menu, menu);
        return super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu);
    }
    */
    
    //5. Menu item selection
        @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(@NonNull MenuItem item) {
        super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);

        switch (item.getItemId()) {
            case R.id.settings:
                Log.i("Item selected", "Settings");
                return true;

            case R.id.help:
                Log.i("Item selected", "Help");
                return true;
            default:
                return false;
        }
    }