A Backbone Application Framework

Backbone is a library of tools that simplify the design and implementation of client-side web applications. It is explicitly not a framwework. Backbone does not provide guidance about how to assemble an application. This post will be an initial attempt at filling that gap. It assumes an intermediate level of Backbone.js knowledge. If you have never used Backbone.js try Backbone.js Basics or the Backbone.js homepage.

The Application Root

I like to provide a root object/namespace for my application. Let's call it app.

var app = {};

Register Components on the Application Object

app.models =  {
    Post: Backbone.Model.extend({}),
    Comment: Backbone.Model.extend({})
};

app.views = {
    PostView: Backbone.View.extend({}),
    ComentView: Backbone.View.extend({})
};

De-couple Components by using an Event Aggregator

An application event aggregator allows components to communicate indirectly.

Actions

When a significant event occurs within your application raise an event. For example, the handler for the 'add post' button:

_onAddPost: functin () {
    app.eventAggregator.trigger('post:create', this.model);
}

Register an 'action' to handle the application event:

app.actions = {
    createPost: Action.extend({
        event: 'post:create',
        handler: function (model) {
            var newPost = new app.Views.CreatePost({model: model});
            $('#content').html(newPost.render().el);
        }
    })
};

Routing

Use a route only when you want to change the url and handle the event. Otherwise just raise an event and register an action.

When you do use a route, have it trigger an action.

app.routers = {
    postRouter: Backbone.Router.extend({
        'view/:postname': function (postname) {
            app.eventAggregator.trigger('post:view', postname);
        }
    })
};

One Line Bootstrapping

Reduce your application bootstrapping to a single line.

app.start();

This makes it practical to test contexts that require the application to be in a usable state.

describe('adding a new post', function () {
    describe('initiate new post process', function () {
        before(function() {
            app.start();
            var testModel = new app.models.post();
            app.eventAggregator.trigger('post:create', testModel);
        });
    });
});

The start() function is the framework part. It registers the routers and actions and does any other required bootstrapping.