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class ay7aga: UIViewController {
   let searchBar: UISearchBar = {
        let searchBar = UISearchBar()
        searchBar.placeholder = "Search"
        //HERE
        UITextField.appearance(whenContainedInInstancesOf: [UISearchBar.self]).backgroundColor = UIColor(hex: 0xebebeb, alpha: 0.5)
        return searchBar
    }()
}

or YOU can use this

extension UISearchBar {
    func getTextField() -> UITextField? { return value(forKey: "searchField") as? UITextField }
    func setTextFieldColor(color: UIColor) {
        guard let textField = getTextField() else { return }
        switch searchBarStyle {
        case .minimal:
            textField.layer.backgroundColor = color.cgColor
            textField.layer.cornerRadius = 6
        case .prominent, .default: textField.backgroundColor = color
        @unknown default: break
        }
    }
}