DATA TYPES

determine the type of an object

type(2)         # returns 'int'
type(2.0)       # returns 'float'
type('two')     # returns 'str'
type(True)      # returns 'bool'
type(None)      # returns 'NoneType'

check if an object is of a given type

isinstance(2.0, int)            # returns False
isinstance(2.0, (int, float))   # returns True

convert an object to a given type

float(2)
int(2.9)
str(2.9)

zero, None, and empty containers are converted to False

bool(0)
bool(None)
bool('')    # empty string
bool([])    # empty list
bool({})    # empty dictionary

non-empty containers and non-zeros are converted to True

bool(2)
bool('two')
bool([2])