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Source: http://www.vincehuston.org/dp/proxy.html

Intent

• Provide a surrogate or placeholder for another object to control access to it.
• Use an extra level of indirection to support distributed, controlled, or intelligent acceess.
• Add a wrapper and delegation to protect the real component from undue complexity.

Problem

You need to support resource-hungry objects, and you do not want to instantiate such objects unless and until they are actually requested by the client.

Example

The Proxy provides a surrogate or placeholder to provde access to an object. A check or bank draft is a proxy for funds in an account. A check can be used in place of cash for making purchases and ultimately controls access to cash in the issuer's account.