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var root = app.activeDocument;
var styleString = getStyleString(app.selection[0].appliedObjectStyle);
$.writeln(styleString);

function getStyleString(style) {
	var nameArray = [style.name.replace(/:/g, '\\:')];
	while (style.parent.constructor.name.indexOf("StyleGroup") > -1) {
		style = style.parent;
		nameArray.push(style.name.replace(/:/g, '\\:'));
	}
	if (nameArray.length == 1) return nameArray[0];
	nameArray.reverse();
	return nameArray.join(":");
}