Create swap file (Ubuntu)
# As root use fallocate to create a swap file
# the size of your choosing (M = Mebibytes, G = Gibibytes).
# For example, creating a 512 MiB swap file:
fallocate -l 512M /swapfile
# Note: fallocate may cause problems with some file systems such as F2FS or XFS.[1]
# As an alternative, using dd is more reliable, but slower:
dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1M count=512
# Set the right permissions (a world-readable swap file is a huge local vulnerability)
chmod 600 /swapfile
# After creating the correctly sized file, format it to swap:
mkswap /swapfile
# Activate the swap file:
swapon /swapfile
# Finally, edit fstab to add an entry for the swap file:
/etc/fstab
/swapfile none swap defaults 0 0