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git config --global user.name "Shawn"
git config --global user.email "shawn@cinnamon.is"
git config --global color.ui true
git config --list

# to create a repository
git init # will create a .git folder


git add <file|directory> # add to the staging area

git diff <file|commithash|> # to compare working directory with the HEAD or a specific commithash
git difftool # to use external tool (Vimdiff/Meld/BeyondCompare...)

git diff --staged # to compare the staged area against the HEAD

git checkout . # to reverse all files in current directory
git reset HEAD . # to move files back from staging area to the working directory
git reset --hard HEAD # = `git reset` + `git checkout`: files removed from the staging area and the working directory is taken back to the state of the last commit.
git revert #  to undo the commits
git revert HEAD --no-edit

git commit -m "commit message"

echo '*.tmp' > .gitignore # add pattern to ignore in git


# to examize commits
git log # to see the infomation about the commit
git show [commit-hash] # to view the code change for a specic commit



# to view the remote url
git remote -v

# to change the remote url
git remote set-url origin git@github.com:USERNAME/REPOSITORY.git

git remote add origin /s/remote-project/1 # add the remote location with name `origin`
# `git clone` automatically add the location as a remote with name `origin`

# to share the commits
git  push
git push origin master # to push the commits in the master branch to the origin remote.

# to Pull the changes from the remote into your master branch.
git pull origin master

# Use pretty log format
git log --graph --pretty=format:'%Cred%h%Creset -%C(yellow)%d%Creset %s %Cgreen(%cr) %C(bold blue)<%an>%Creset' --abbrev-commit

# Too long? --> use alias --> from now on, use: `git lg` 
git config --global alias.lg "log --color --graph --pretty=format:'%Cred%h%Creset -%C(yellow)%d%Creset %s %Cgreen(%cr) %C(bold blue)<%an>%Creset' --abbrev-commit"

git branch <new branch name> <starting branch> # takes an existing branch and creates a separate branch to work in
git checkout <new branch name> # to switch to a branch 

git checkout -b <new branch name> # create and checkout the newly created branch.

# to list all the branchs
git branch # -a: to include remote branches, -v: to include the HEAD commit message for the branch


# push a branch to a remote
git push <remote_name> <branch_name>

# to remove a branch
git branch -d <branch_name>