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ROOT
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file system under linux is a heirarchical structure. At the very top of the structure is what's called the root directory. It is denoted by a single slash ( / ).

cd / will go to root
ls / will list root

cant go back at the root 

Absolute paths specify a location (file or directory) in relation to the root directory. You can identify them easily as they always begin with a forward slash ( / )
ls /home/ryan/Documents ##### absolute address ### will always work

HOME  W
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When you log in then you are at home.
echo $HOME
/home/pallanan #This shows that pallanan is my home directory which is two levels from the root directory.


cd ~ This is a shortcut for your home directory.
ls ~ listing the home directory


####################################### DEFAULT FOLDERS

/etc - Stores config files for the system.
/var/log - Stores log files for various system programs.
/bin - The location of several commonly used programs
/usr/bin - Another location for programs on the system.