Use polymorphism

7/28/2018 - 11:10 AM

Polymorphism comes from the Greek for many forms. It is considered one of the most powerful elements of object orientation but at the same time one of the most complex.

You must understand other elements of OO such as inheritance It automatically allows us to carry out the same action (method) on objects of different types resulting in a different result.

Polymorphism lets us work freely with objects that have been created from any class. It gives us flexibility.

Allows the right action to be carried out at the right time, without the need for complex control structures (IF,ELSE,ENDIF/CASE/ENDCASE) in order to determine the correct dynamic types for our reference variables.

Polymorphism is used through inheritance using a single interface that is common between a superclass and its subclasses. This is made possible because of the single inheritance model introduced in ABAP Objects.

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* Example of polymorphism

*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       CLASS account DEFINITION
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
*
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
CLASS account DEFINITION ABSTRACT.
  PUBLIC SECTION.
    METHODS:  constructor IMPORTING
                value(i_account_holder) TYPE string
                value(i_amount)       TYPE f,

              withdraw ABSTRACT
                IMPORTING i_money                TYPE f
                          i_within_notice_period TYPE string
                EXPORTING e_money                TYPE f,

              deposit ABSTRACT
                IMPORTING i_money TYPE f
                EXPORTING e_money TYPE f,

              get_account_holder
                RETURNING value(r_account_holder)  TYPE string.
  PROTECTED SECTION.
    DATA: account_holder TYPE string,
          balance      TYPE f.
ENDCLASS.                    "account DEFINITION


*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       CLASS current DEFINITION
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
*
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
CLASS current DEFINITION INHERITING FROM account.
  PUBLIC SECTION.
    METHODS:  withdraw REDEFINITION,
              deposit REDEFINITION.
ENDCLASS.                    "current DEFINITION

*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       CLASS notice30 DEFINITION
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
*
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
CLASS notice30 DEFINITION INHERITING FROM account.
  PUBLIC SECTION.
    METHODS:  withdraw REDEFINITION,
              deposit REDEFINITION.

  PROTECTED SECTION.
    DATA within_notice_period TYPE c.
ENDCLASS.                    "notice30 DEFINITION

*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       CLASS account IMPLEMENTATION
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
*
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
CLASS account IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD constructor.
    account_holder       = i_account_holder.
    balance              = i_amount.
  ENDMETHOD.                    "constructor

  METHOD get_account_holder.
    r_account_holder = account_holder.
  ENDMETHOD.                    "get_account_holder
ENDCLASS.                    "account IMPLEMENTATION


*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       CLASS current IMPLEMENTATION
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
*
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
CLASS current IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD withdraw.
    WRITE: / 'Opening Balance: ', balance EXPONENT 0 DECIMALS 2 LEFT-JUSTIFIED.
    IF i_money <= balance.
      balance = balance - i_money.
      e_money = i_money.
    ELSE.
      WRITE / 'You do not have sufficient funds for a Withdrawal in your account'.
    ENDIF.
    WRITE: / 'Closing Balance: ', balance EXPONENT 0 DECIMALS 2 LEFT-JUSTIFIED.
  ENDMETHOD.                    "withdraw

  METHOD deposit.
    WRITE: / 'Opening Balance: ', balance EXPONENT 0 DECIMALS 2 LEFT-JUSTIFIED.
    balance = balance + i_money.
    e_money = i_money.
    WRITE: / 'Closing Balance: ', balance EXPONENT 0 DECIMALS 2 LEFT-JUSTIFIED.
  ENDMETHOD.                    "deposit

ENDCLASS.                    "current IMPLEMENTATION


CLASS notice30 IMPLEMENTATION.

  METHOD withdraw.
    DATA: zbalance TYPE f.

    IF i_within_notice_period = 'Y'.
      zbalance = balance * '0.95'.
    ELSE.
      zbalance = balance.
    ENDIF.

    WRITE: / 'Opening Balance: ', balance EXPONENT 0 DECIMALS 2 LEFT-JUSTIFIED.
    IF i_money <= zbalance.
      balance = balance - ( i_money + ( balance * '0.05' ) ).
      e_money = i_money.
      IF i_within_notice_period = 'Y'.
        WRITE '   - PENALTY APPLIED'.
      ENDIF.
    ELSE.
      WRITE / 'You do not have sufficient funds for a Withdrawal in your account'.
    ENDIF.
    WRITE: / 'Closing Balance: ', balance EXPONENT 0 DECIMALS 2 LEFT-JUSTIFIED.
  ENDMETHOD.                    "withdraw

  METHOD deposit.
    WRITE: / 'Opening Balance: ', balance EXPONENT 0 DECIMALS 2 LEFT-JUSTIFIED.
    balance = balance + ( i_money * '1.001' ).
    e_money = i_money * '1.001'.
    WRITE: / 'Closing Balance: ', balance EXPONENT 0 DECIMALS 2 LEFT-JUSTIFIED.
  ENDMETHOD.                    "deposit

ENDCLASS.                    "notice30 IMPLEMENTATION

DATA: o_account   TYPE REF TO account,
      account_tab TYPE TABLE OF REF TO account,
      holder      TYPE string,
      amount      TYPE f.

START-OF-SELECTION.

  CREATE OBJECT o_account
    TYPE
      current
    EXPORTING
      i_account_holder = 'Mr A'
      i_amount         = 1000.
  APPEND o_account TO account_tab.

  CREATE OBJECT o_account
    TYPE
      notice30
    EXPORTING
      i_account_holder = 'Mr B'
      i_amount         = 2500.
  APPEND o_account TO account_tab.

  CREATE OBJECT o_account
    TYPE
      current
    EXPORTING
      i_account_holder = 'Mr C'
      i_amount         = 1000.
  APPEND o_account TO account_tab.

  CREATE OBJECT o_account
    TYPE
      notice30
    EXPORTING
      i_account_holder = 'Mr D'
      i_amount         = 2500.
  APPEND o_account TO account_tab.

  LOOP AT account_tab INTO o_account.
    holder = o_account->get_account_holder( ).
    o_account->deposit(  EXPORTING i_money = 225 IMPORTING e_money = amount ).
    WRITE: / 'Deposit transaction for', holder, 'to the sum of ', amount EXPONENT 0 DECIMALS 2 LEFT-JUSTIFIED.
    SKIP.

    o_account->withdraw(  EXPORTING i_money = 225
                                    i_within_notice_period = 'N'
                          IMPORTING e_money = amount ).
    WRITE: / 'Withdrawal transaction for', holder, 'to the sum of ', amount EXPONENT 0 DECIMALS 2 LEFT-JUSTIFIED.
    SKIP.

    holder = o_account->get_account_holder( ).
    o_account->deposit(  EXPORTING i_money = 225 IMPORTING e_money = amount ).
    WRITE: / 'Deposit transaction for', holder, 'to the sum of ', amount EXPONENT 0 DECIMALS 2 LEFT-JUSTIFIED.
    SKIP.

    o_account->withdraw(  EXPORTING i_money = 225
                                    i_within_notice_period = 'Y'
                          IMPORTING e_money = amount ).
    WRITE: / 'Withdrawal transaction for', holder, 'to the sum of ', amount EXPONENT 0 DECIMALS 2 LEFT-JUSTIFIED.
    ULINE.

  ENDLOOP.

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Use polymorphism