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1.  增

*   增加一张表

```
CREATE TABLE `table_name`(
  ...
  )ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

```

*   增加记录

```
INSERT INTO `your_table_name`(`column_name`)
VALUES
('your_value_one'),
('your_value_two');

```

*   增加字段

```
ALTER TABLE `your_table_name`
ADD `your_column_name` ...
AFTER `column_name`;

```

*   增加索引
    *   主键

    ```
    ALTER TABLE `your_table_name`
    ADD PRIMARY KEY your_index_name(your_column_name);

    ```

    *   唯一索引

    ```
    ALTER TABLE `your_table_name`
    ADD UNIQUE your_index_name(your_column_name);

    ```

    *   普通索引

    ```
    ALTER TABLE `your_table_name`
    ADD INDEX your_index_name(your_column_name);

    ```

    *   全文索引

    ```
    ALTER TABLE `your_table_name`
    ADD FULLTEXT your_index_name(your_column_name);

    ```

2.  删

*   逐行删除

```
DELETE FORM `table_name`
WHERE ...;

```

*   清空整张表

```
TRUNCATE TABLE `your_table_name`;

```

*   删除表

```
DROP TABLE `your_table_name`;

```

*   删除字段

```
ALTER TABLE `your_table_name`
DROP `column_name`;

```

*   删除索引

```
ALTER TABLE `your_table_name`
DROP INDEX your_index_name(your_column_name);

```

3.  改

*   变更数据

```
UPDATE `table_name`
SET column_name=your_value
WHERE ...;

```

*   变更字段

```
ALTER TABLE `your_table_name`
CHANGE `your_column_name` `your_column_name` ...(变更);

```

*   变更字段值为另一张表的某个值

```
UPDATE `your_table_name`
AS a
JOIN `your_anther_table_name`
AS b
SET a.column = b.anther_column
WHERE a.id = b.a_id...;

```

4.  查

*   普通查询

```
SELECT `column_name_one`, `column_name_two`
FROM `table_name`;

```

*   关联查询

```
SELECT *
FROM `your_table_name`
AS a
JOIN `your_anther_table_name`
AS b
WHERE a.column_name = b.column_name...;

```

*   合计函数条件查询：WHERE 关键字无法与合计函数一起使用

```
SELECT aggregate_function(column_name)
FROM your_table_name
GROUP BY column_name
HAVING aggregate_function(column_name)...;

```

*   同一个实例下跨库查询

```
SELECT *
FROM database_name.your_table_name
AS a
JOIN another_database_name.your_another_table_name
AS b
WHERE a.column_name = b.column_name...;

```

5.  复制一张表结构

```
CREATE TABLE `your_table_name`
LIKE `destination_table_name`;

```

6.  完全复制一张表：表结构 + 全部数据

```
CREATE TABLE `your_table_name`
LIKE `destination_table_name`;

INSERT INTO `your_table_name`
SELECT *
FROM `destination_table_name`;

```

* * *

### [](https://github.com/TIGERB/easy-tips/blob/master/mysql/sql.md#%E9%99%84%E5%BD%95mysql%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4)附录：mysql 常用命令

*   登陆： mysql -h host -u username -p
*   列出数据库：SHOW DATABESES;
*   列出表: SHOW TABLES;
*   列出表结构: DESC table_name
*   使用一个数据库：USE database_name;
*   导入：source 'file';
*   导出：mysqldump -h 127.0.0.1 -u root -p "database_name" "table_name" --where="condition" > file_name.sql;
*   查看慢日志：mysqldumpslow -s [c: 按记录次数排序 / t: 时间 / l: 锁定时间 / r: 返回的记录数] -t [n: 前 n 条数据] -g "正则"　/path
*   新增用户： insert into

    `user`(`Host`,

    `User`,

    `authentication_string`) value('localhost', 'username', password('pwd'))

### [](https://github.com/TIGERB/easy-tips/blob/master/mysql/sql.md#mysql-57-%E6%96%B0%E5%A2%9E%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7)mysql 5.7 新增用户

```
// 插入新用户
insert into mysql.user(Host, User, authentication_string, ssl_cipher, x509_issuer, x509_subject
value('localhost', 'username', password('password'), '', '', '');

// 数据库授权
grant all privileges on dbname.name.* to username@localhost identified by 'password';

// 刷新权限信息
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
```
- - -
原文：[https://github.com/TIGERB/easy-tips/blob/master/mysql/sql.md](https://github.com/TIGERB/easy-tips/blob/master/mysql/sql.md)